Which examples are known types of malware?

The correct answer identifies viruses and ransomware as known types of malware, which are software designed to infiltrate, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.

Viruses are a common type of malware that attach themselves to legitimate programs or files, spreading when the infected software is executed or shared. They can cause various harm, such as corrupting files and compromising system performance. Ransomware, on the other hand, is a particularly malicious category of malware that encrypts a user's files, essentially holding them hostage until a ransom is paid to the attacker. This type of malware has become increasingly prevalent in cyberspace, with significant financial and operational implications for individuals and organizations.

In contrast, the other options listed do not pertain to malware. Firewalls and routers are network security devices that help protect and manage network traffic. Encryption and cloud computing refer to techniques and services that enhance data security and storage rather than malicious activities. Data packets and internet services involve the transmission and delivery of information over networks and do not represent harmful software. Thus, the identification of viruses and ransomware as types of malware is both accurate and informative.