What is the role of a "router" in computer networks?

The role of a router in computer networks primarily involves forwarding data packets between different networks. Routers are devices that are essential for directing network traffic efficiently; they determine the best path for data packets to travel from one network to another. This functionality allows devices on one network to communicate with devices on another network, whether they are on the same local area network (LAN) or separated by long distances, such as across the internet.

Routers examine the destination address contained in each data packet and use routing tables and protocols to determine the most efficient path for sending those packets. This ensures not only the delivery of information but also optimal speed and minimal congestion on the networks. In essence, routers facilitate the connectivity and communication that underpin the internet and private networks.

The other options describe different functions that are not the primary role of a router in the context of network architecture. For instance, converting information into secure codes is typically the function of encryption technologies rather than routers. Storing sensitive data in the cloud pertains to cloud storage services, while monitoring outgoing network traffic relates more to security appliances known as firewalls or intrusion detection systems rather than routers' main duties.